Which technology is used to provide redundancy at the network layer?

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a technology specifically designed to provide redundancy at the network layer. It allows for automatic failover between routers in a LAN environment, ensuring high availability and maintaining connectivity. HSRP operates by allowing multiple routers to work together to present the appearance of a single virtual router to the hosts on the network. One router is designated as the active router, while the others remain in standby mode and are ready to take over if the active router fails. This redundancy helps prevent downtime and keeps the network operational even if one router goes offline.

While EtherChannel, MPLS, and VTP serve important roles in a networking environment, they do not specifically focus on providing redundancy at the network layer in the same manner as HSRP does. EtherChannel is primarily used for link aggregation to increase bandwidth between switches, MPLS enhances the efficiency of data transport across different networks, and VTP manages VLAN configurations within a switched network. These technologies contribute to overall network performance and organization but lack the failover capabilities essential for redundancy at the network layer that HSRP offers.