Which protocol is used for the dynamic creation of multiple spoke tunnels in DMVPN?

NHRP, or Next Hop Resolution Protocol, is the protocol that facilitates the dynamic creation of multiple spoke tunnels in DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network). In a DMVPN configuration, NHRP plays a crucial role by enabling spoke routers to dynamically discover and establish direct connections with each other without having to go through the hub every time.

When a spoke router wants to communicate with another spoke, it sends an NHRP request to the hub. The hub, which acts as the NHRP server, responds with the public IP address of the other spoke. This direct discovery process allows for the dynamic creation of tunnels between the spokes, which is essential for efficient communication in a DMVPN environment. By using NHRP, the overall performance and scalability of the network are enhanced, as direct spoke-to-spoke communication minimizes latency and reduces unnecessary traffic through the hub.

The other protocols, like IPsec or GRE, while critical in securing and tunneling the data across the network, do not handle the dynamic discovery or creation of the tunnels themselves in a DMVPN context. RIP, being a routing protocol, also does not pertain to the establishment of dynamic tunnels in this design. Thus, NHRP is uniquely positioned to facilitate the