Which network layer is associated with dynamic multipoint VPNs?

Dynamic multipoint VPNs (DMVPNs) operate primarily at the Network Layer of the OSI model. This is because DMVPN is designed to create secure, scalable, and dynamic connections across a decentralized network. It allows multiple remote sites to communicate with each other without requiring a direct connection to a central site, which typically occurs at the Network Layer.

When you consider DMVPN, it uses protocols like GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) and IPsec to encapsulate and encrypt traffic. Both GRE and IPsec function at the Network Layer, facilitating the routing and forwarding of packets over an IP network. This capability to dynamically establish direct tunnels among remote sites supports the goals of a DMVPN.

The correct association with the Core Layer underscores its role in centralized routing, where efficient and reliable packet switching occurs for the broader network. This makes the Core Layer the most relevant choice when discussing dynamic multipoint connections. In contrast, the other layers mentioned do not directly deal with the same functions as DMVPNs, primarily focusing on data transport and handling rather than dynamic multipoint configurations.